Effect of Parents with PTSD on Children

Effect of Parents with PTSD on Children Dushica Djurovic Does Transmission of Trauma Influence Children of Parents with PTSD? War veterans may experience traumatic events that may influence their lives after the military; moreover, such traumatic experiences may affect lives of the veterans’ family members. One of these people who experience a trauma during military service is my uncle who went to the army when he was very young. There is not anything that can be the same again for my uncle. Although he was a smiling and pretty talkative person before he went to the army, six months after he became reticent and aloof. Family members who have known him since he was born were worried about his mood and behavior, and they wondered what happened to him. When his parents and a sister heard that his best friend, Mark, was shot right in front of my uncle while Mark and he were running into a bunker, they have realized the cause of his depressive behavior. The bloody picture of his friend shot in the back of head has been flowing in my uncle’s mind for a long time, and that picture became both his dai ly struggle and a night mere. He was diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder which is caused by the traumatic event he has experienced during the military combat. There are many ex-combatants who have experienced traumas during wars like my uncle, and such traumas may affect veterans’ family relationships (Bathory, page 71). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder may affect both a relationship with combat veterans’ children and relationships with their partners. According to Medscape Medical News that published the article about the high rate of PTSD in returning Iraq war veterans, the estimate rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans returning from Iraq embraces the range from 12% to 20% (Roehr). Individuals with PTSD tend to have a high level of anxiety and arousal, which manifests itself as difficult sleeping, impaired concentration, and the fear of being easily startled (Price). My uncle had difficulties such as sleeplessness and anxiety. Even though he had psychotherapy treatment for a few years after he returned home from the military service, his recovery was slow because of specific PTSD symptoms such as apathy and insomnia. As a result, his five-year-old son was not able to understand why his father was often pensive when he asked him for something. PTSD symptoms may be frightening for both parents and their kids. Children may also worry that their parent cannot properly care for them (Price). That is why children may be afraid of having a close relationship with their parents who are depressed or anxious, dealing with PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, such children may even become unhappy or reluctant to trust others, including their parents, because they do not feel loved and cared for their family members. Combat veterans may struggle trying to maintain relationships with their partners because people with PTSD may feel anxious talking with their wives and husbands about their traumatic experience. According to the American National Center for PTSD, the partners of the Vietnam Veterans with PTSD reported some effects of the veterans’ mental health problems such as lower levels of happiness, less satisfaction in their lives, and more demoralization that is manifested as the lack of hope, courage, and confidence (Stevens). If people who experience traumatic events do not use psychotherapy treatments, their intense emotions of guilt, grief, or fear may escalate. That may happen because they may not be able to handle their burden of war. As a result, war veterans may become physically and verbally aggressive to their partners, which may lead to divorce. The rates of divorce for Veterans with PTSD were about twice as great as for Veterans without PTSD (Kulka). Suffering from the effe cts of PTSD such as aggression, irritability, or anger, people may deal with certain relationship problems. Both parts, Maus I and Maus II emphasize two stories in which PTSD was transmitted from parents to their child. While one story is focused on Vladek Spiegelman’s survival of the Holocaust, another is focused on the relationship between Vladek and his son Artie. There is a strong bond that connects both stories. The clue lies in the different kinds of guilt that both of them feel, and such kind of guilty triggered PTSD in them. While Vladek, as a Holocaust victim, struggles when he realizes his luck by surviving from Nazi terror during the war, Artie struggles because he was lucky to be born after the war and avoid the suffering in Auschwitz that his family experienced. Furthermore, both of them have an open wound in their hearts: Vladek lost his wife and Artie his mother when she had a breakdown after the many hardships she endured through. Not only Holocaust survivors, but also their children suffer from their families experience. The main question that echoes in Vladek’s head is, â€Å"Why did he survive the Holocaust and not somebody else.† He feels guilty because he was lucky to survive the war which was responsible for millions of deaths. Vladek thinks that instead of him, somebody more worthy deserves to be alive. In order to avoid that feeling, he wants to turn his back on the painful past. He always avoids talking about it with Artie who becomes angry every time he tries to get information about his family. During my reading, I figured out that Vladek even pretends that he does not realize his son’s frustration and gets angry when Artie insists on getting the information. Instead of that, he behaves like everything between them is fine, ignoring any tension. Vladek’s experience at Auschwitz is a burden that flows in his mind, however, he desperately wants to live in the present and so he avoids talking about it. On the other hand, Artie constantly insists on hearing more info rmation about what his family experienced during the war. While he is irritated and often angry with Vladek’s behavior and cannot even imagine living with him under the same roof, his father wants to fix their relationship by spending time together. Vladek misses his wife, Anja, who had cared for him and for this reason he needs his son even more. For instance, he calls his son early in the morning to tell him that he needs his help fixing the drainpipe. Vladek tells him that he needs help by emphasizing the fact that he is an old, vulnerable man but actually it is about more than a drainpipe. He desperately needs his son’s love and attention. While he wants to enjoy spending time with his son and talking about the present, Artie wants to hear everything about the past. The more Vladek struggles with PTSD symptoms and wants to turn his back on the past, the more Artie insists on talking about it in order to get more information. That is why their relationship is broken and full of tension and misunderstanding. Every time Vladek talks about such a brutal experience that his family had, he digs deep into his heart, and becomes upset and more depressed. Not only people who experienced the Holocaust are its victims, but also their children who are born after the war as Artie was. Although he was born after the war, Artie also suffers from his parents painful memories. That memories caused PTSD and both parents as well as his son suffered from the same traumatic disorders. As the only member of his family who does not have a traumatic past, Artie struggles because he feels less worthy as somebody who did not suffer at Auschwitz. Moreover, he feels a burden because he did not do anything to deserve the comfortable life that he has. On the contrary, his family had to survive terrible suffering during the war to be still alive. Unfortunately, the majority of their relatives were not as a lucky as Vladek and Anja. Artie’s brother Richie did not survive the war. When the Germans started to take children from Srodula, Anja and Vladek, were living in the ghetto and in order to save their son’s life they sent Richie to Zawiercie with his aunt Tosha and her children, Bibi and Lonia. Unexpectedly, the Germans came a few months later to evacuate Zawiercie a nd send the rest of the Jewish population to Auschwitz. In order to avoid being sent with the children to Nazi gas chambers, Tosha decided to kill not just herself but also her children and Richie with poison. She chose the lesser of two evils. That tragedy left a deep scar on Anja and Vladek’s hearts. That scar even intensified their PTSDs. Richie was still their beautiful and intelligent baby. Even though they had Artie after the war, they are desperately trying to see their first baby in Artie’s eyes. This causes Artie to feel neglected. He would have never been able to be replaced with his brother, and that is why he feels less worthy than Richie. He feels guilty because of his inability to replace his brother for their parents, and the parents’ sorrow was transmitted to their sun making him a new PTSD sufferer. As we see from this story, Artie becomes a new Holocaust victim even though the event itself was in the past, before he was born. Another thread that connects both stories, Vladek’s escape from the Holocaust and the relationship between his son and him, is Anja’s death. Vladek, as her husband, blames himself for not having been able to save her. Artie blames his father because he destroyed Anja’s diaries which were his only reminder of his mother. After the war, Vladek did not pay enough attention to her and was not as kind as he had been before they were forced to go to the concentration camp, for this reason she became even more depressed and committed suicide. After her death, he wanted to destroy everything which reminded him of her. Furthermore, he became very depressed and cried when he read the comic called â€Å"The prisoner on the hell planet† that Artie published about his mother years ago. This is the only time readers of †Maus† are faced with Anja’s personality as a Holocaust victim. She felt alone and became more depressed after her son answered by say ing just â€Å"sure† and did not even looked at her when she asked him if he still loved her. From Artie’s comic strip about his mother, I realized that Artie’s cold reaction was not just one more thing for an already very depressed woman, a small step which pushed her over the edge. She already felt unloved and Vladek did not support and care about her. Artie called his father a murder when Vladek told him that he had destroyed her diaries. In my opinion, Vladek destroyed them in order to hide not just from his conscience but also from Artie the fact that he, as her husband, was guilty for the suicide his wife committed. Once again, the past influences Artie’s life and he is suffering because of the PTSD consequences his father and mother experienced after being in Auschwitz. Both stories, Vladek’s survival of the Holocaust and the broken relationship between Artie and him, are interlinked with the guilt they feel. Vladek feels survivor’s guilt, and although his son insists on it, he avoids talking about the past. Although he was not a victim of Auschwitz, Artie indirectly suffers from his parents PTSD and feels inadequate for having an easy life, while his parent’s had been put under so much thread. Moreover, Anja’s death forever left a deep scar on their souls, which intensified painful memories in Vladek and triggered PTSD in Artie. For this reason both, the father and son would have never been able to step completely into the present. Part of both of them would have always been in the past. This book teaches us that the more people tend to ignore their past, the more it holds onto them and their past experience, good and bad, can be passed from one generation to the next, and that is how PTSD transmission becomes intergener ational illness. Analyzing the literature, researchers found that in most studies, the children whose father were diagnosed with PTSD participating in combat, were more likely to suffer from distress than those children whose fathers did not participate in combat but experienced PTSD. However, there were a few clinical cases in which the number of fathers with PTSD but who did not participated in military was larger than the number of those fathers with PTSD but who experienced their traumas in military. Additionally, there is not clear definition of traumatic status that is still an ambiguous and inconsistent term (Kallerman, 2007). Davidson, Smith, and Kundler analyzed 108 outpatient veterans with PTSD, including 24 major depressives and 15 alcoholics, and reported the higher rate of psychiatric treatment among children of PTSD sufferers (Davidson, Smith, Kundler, 1989). Furthermore, PTSD were found in 6 families of PTSD, but none in the control group. Similarly, Parsons, Kehle, and Owen observed cases that were consisted 45 children of veterans, and 47 children of nonveterans, when they found that PTSD sufferers perceived children as having more dysfunctional social and emotional behavior, and difficulties in establishing and maintaining friendships. In these cases the types of behaviors were function of child’s gender and age (Persons, Kehle, Owen, 1990). In both of described studies, the fathers had status of those who were diagnosed with PTSD but the second study also included those fathers who were without PTSD. The target groups in both studies were consisted of Americans who participated in the Vietnam War or the World War II. Furthermore, Jordan et al. reported that veterans with PTSD showed markedly elevated levels of severe and diffuse problems in marital and family adjustment, parenting skills, and violent behavior. In his research the author was focused on 1,200 Vietnam veterans and 376 spouses or coresident partners of the veterans. Ruscio, Weathers, and King found that emotional numbing was the only aspects of PTSD uniquely associated with veterans’ perceived relationships with their children. The group included 66 male Vietnam veterans, and all of them had one or more children (Ruscio, Weathers, King, 2002). There is another research, done by Westerink and Giarratano, and such study consisted 22 children of veterans over the age of 15 years, and their fathers had the status of veterans with PTSD. The findings show that children of veterans reported higher levels of conflict in their families; there were no significant differences on measures of psychological distress and self-esteem from control groups (Westerink, Giarratano, 1999). In the case of my uncle who was diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder which is caused by the traumatic event he has experienced during the military combat, I realized that his son is more likely to become a new PTSD sufferer. That is because of the bloody picture of my uncle’s friend who was shot in the back of head, and such a bloody picture has been flowing in my uncle’s mind for a long time affecting even the behavior of his son. According to Maus, the book about the lives of Holocaust survivors after the Auschwitz, I realized that they transmitted their PTSDs to their son Artie. That caused many struggles in their relationships. I got sense that the clue lies in the different kinds of guilt that both of them feel. While Vladek, as a Holocaust victim and PTSD sufferer, struggles when he realizes his luck by surviving from Nazi terror during the war. On the other hand, Artie struggles because he was lucky to be born after the war and avoid the suffering in Aus chwitz that his family experienced. However, their parents’ PTSDs made him a new PTSD sufferer. According to studies I was reading, the results about transmission of PTSD from father to child show a various range of different findings. While some researchers reported that the children of fathers with PTSDs that were caused by military traumas, are more likely to suffer from the same, numerous others think that military traumas of ex-combatants cannot directly affect their children. To conclude, there are many researchers who are trying to narrow the scope of findings about PTSD transmission from father to child, however, a large range of multiple different results show that this area is much deeper and ambiguous than scholars expected. Works Cited Dekel, Rachel, and Hadass Goldblatt. Is There Intergenerational Transmission Of Trauma? The Case Of Combat Veterans Children. N.p., 2015. Web. 7 May 2015. Kellerman, N. (2007). Ha’avara shel traumat hasho’ah [Transmission of the Holocaust trauma]. In Z. Solomon J. Chaitin (Eds.), Yaldut betzel hasho’ah: Yeladim nitzolim ve’dor sheni [Childhood in the shadow of the Holocaust–survived children and second generation] (pp. 286 –303). Davidson, J., Smith, R., Kudler, H. (1989). Familial psychiatric illness in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 30, 339 –345. Parsons, J., Kehle, T. J., Owen, S. V. (1990). Incidence of behavior problems among children of Vietnam veterans. School Psychology International, 11, 253–259. Ruscio, A. M., Weathers, F. W., King, L. A., King, D. W. (2002). Male war-zone veterans’ perceived relationships with their children: The importance of emotional numbing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 351–357. Westerink, J., Giarratano, L. (1999). The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on partners and children of Australian Vietnam veterans. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 841– 847. Spiegelman, Art. Maus. New York: Pantheon Books, 1986 Kulka, Richard A. Partners Of Veterans With PTSD: Research Findings PTSD: National Center For PTSD. Ptsd.va.gov. N.p., 2015. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. Bathory, Dalia. History Of Communism In Europe: Vol. 4 / 2013. Google Books. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Mar. 2015. Roehr, Bob. High Rate Of PTSD In Returning Iraq War Veterans. Medscape.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. Price, Jennifer L. Children Of Veterans And Adults With PTSD. Aaets.org. N.p., 2015. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. Stevens, Susan P. Partners Of Veterans With PTSD: Common Problems PTSD: National Center For PTSD. Ptsd.va.gov. N.p., 2015. Web. 25 Feb. 2015.

Chinua Achebe vs. Margret Atwood Essay

Compare the ways that vultures are portrayed and used in the poems by Margaret Atwood and Chinua Achebe. By Jessica Tilbrook. Chinua Achebe and Margret Atwood grew up in two very different environments. They were born almost a decade apart, yet they both managed to construct two very meaningful poems about vultures. Achebe was born in Nigeria in 1930. In 1967 the region of Biafra broke away from Nigeria. Achebe became a devoted supporter of Biafra independence and served as ambassador for the people of the nation. But to get this point there was a 3 year war of independence ravage. Chinua Achebe witnesses some horrific scenes. He saw babies, children and adults starving to there death. He saw his own people from Biafra killing others from Nigeria. He saw how loving people have the capacity to be evil and vice versa according to Achebe’s version on the poem ‘vultures’. Chinua Achebe believed that any good work of art should have a purpose. Achebe’s vultures defiantly had a purpose, as it shows how even evil, vile creatures like vultures have the capacity to love. Throughout Achebe’s poem there is a negative feel. From the very start of the poem it is unpleasant and quite graphic in the description of the vultures. In the poem it occasionally refers to ‘love’ as one of the vultures ‘inclines affectionately. ‘ This suggests that even vile creatures can have the capacity to love. Chinua Achebe uses many techniques throughout his poem vultures. The structure of the poem has no rhyming scheme or lines of the same lengths. The lines are written short, probably on purpose as you can then appreciate the horror, by reading it slower, creating tension. Achebe’s poem isn’t really in Stanza’s it is more split into four sections; this is probably done to keep the flow of evil and ideas running through the poem. There is also a lack of punctuation throughout the poem, this could have been done on purpose to keep the poem flowing, like the sections. Chinua Achebe choose to right in past tense for the description of the vultures, as it’s easier to understand what vultures are like whereas the Belsen Commandant is described in the present tense. This might of been done to remind us that evil is all around us now, and everyone has the capacity to be evil. The word strange on its own, at the beginning of the second section makes us pause, and think about what’s actually going to be strange, which makes you think about the whole section. Throughout Achebe’s poem there is a lot of imagery a good example of this is ‘Belsen Commandant’ – a mass murderer and his children calling him Daddy, not father. This is probably done so you can visualise how the children have no idea of what there father has actually done, and they are treating him like normal. This is quite emotional to read, as you can imagine this really happening. Another example of Achebe’s imagery is the metaphors he uses to describe death and horror. In the first section it says ‘vulture perching high on broken bones of a dead tree’. This makes the atmosphere more intense, and builds up the tension from the very beginning. There is some alliteration in the poem, but there are not many references to sound. I think Achebe wants to concentrate on more visual images rather than sound effects to suggest his ideas. I liked Achebe’s version of the poem vultures. It had a very meaningful purpose, which is what Achebe wanted to achieve. He wanted to use vultures as a ‘vehicle’ to get people to understand that even the most loving of people have the capacity to be evil. I think he used vultures as a very successful vehicle at getting his point across. I also think that this poem is ambiguous on one hand, you could say that even the cruellest of creatures show even the tiniest amount of love, but on the other hand, that even the most loving creatures have potential to be even the slightest bit evil. The second poem called vultures was written my Margret Atwood. She was born in Ottawa, Ontario in 1939. She was a daughter of a forest entomologist, and spent part of her early years in the bush of North Quebec. Atwood is the joint honorary president of the rare bird club of birdlife international. The main message of this poem is how life comes of death. So basically the cycle of life, and even from the most horrific things in life, can bring something extraordinary out of it. Throughout Atwood’s poems there are references to death, such as ‘hung’ and ‘bones’. This does not give a good vibe to the poem. Atwood uses several metaphors throughout. ‘Then they’re hyenas, raucous around the kill, flapping their black umbrellas. ‘ This is two metaphors in one sentence. She describes the vultures as hyenas which is not only a good comparison but good use of imagery. Also Atwood says the vultures were flapping their black umbrellas this makes them out to seem huge evil animals. The structure of Atwood’s poem is done very well, as she occasionally puts odd words on a separate line to make you think about the poem in more depth. The poem is sort of in stanza’s but there isn’t maybe, which helps the poem keep flowing. All of the lines in the poem are roughly the same length, apart from the occasional odd word. I think it makes the poem easier to read, and get the rhyme flowing at the right pace. Margret Atwood uses a variety of meaningful and powerful words. For example ‘carnage’ ‘violate’ ‘gluttonous’ all these words have a negative impact on vultures. As they are explaining why and how they are vile creates. But some people might say that the way vultures act is completely natural. This is because it is natural for them to eat, which means killing other animals, to feed themselves and there family. Which shows this poem is also quite ambiguous. There aren’t many references to sound throughout Atwood’s version of Vultures. But she does say vultures snigger at funerals. And sniggering refers to sound. This also implies vultures are vile creature, as it is inappropriate to horribly giggle at a funeral. I think that Margret Atwood successfully used vultures as a good vehicle to show how life comes out of death, even in the most horrible circumstances. I thought both Chinua Achebe and Margret Atwood’s poems both had very different meanings, but both shows contrasts between humans and vultures. In my opinion Chinua Achebe’s version of vultures was the best used vehicle to get his point across. As he point his point across very well, and he achieved his purpose ‘that any good work of art should have a purpose. ‘ So I think Chinua Achebe’s poem just slightly had an edge over Margret Atwood’s because of Achebe’s aims for his poem.

How to Write a Feedback on an Essay Samples: the Ultimate Convenience!

How to Write a Feedback on an Essay Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! The War Against How to Write a Feedback on an Essay Samples Nowadays, students who have to comply at any essay writing task consult various essay samples. What you have to know about how to compose an evaluation essay is you need to incorporate every one of your evaluating objects into your essay. The first thing which you have to do when writing an evaluation essay is to be knowledgeable regarding the topic which you will write about. What can set apart an evaluation essay from various types of academic essays is that it may also be utilised in various undertakings within the corporate and skilled environment. When writing a five-paragraph evaluation essay, it is essential to know what's the function of each paragraph. Hopefully, our tips about how to compose an evaluation essay in a logical way will let you finish your paper. If you wish to make an evaluation essay, you ought to be strategic when it has to do with the presentation of information that could assist in the writing activity. If you're writing an evaluation essay, you should remain objective with the content which you're presenting. What to Do About How to Write a Feedback on an Essay Samples Before It's Too Late When making your own evaluation essay, you must always bear in mind that the content of your essay has to be relevant to the message which you would love to disseminate or share to your target readers. How you make a thesis statement will be contingent upon the essence of operations or functions where the essay is going to be used. Since the main goal of an evaluation essay is to relay your viewpoint about a pa rticular subject, you've got to make sure you'll be precise and concise when delivering the message which you want your readers to be knowledgeable of. Kubrick managed to convey a feeling of isolation and detachment, in addition to the supernatural fear constantly increasing throughout the movie. Initially sight, a descriptive essay may appear like a definition paper, but there's one significant difference. A definition paper introduces to the reader solely the principal points of the work every time a descriptive essay stipulates a more in-depth description of it. Bear in mind, the previous paragraph of the introduction must clearly state your status in the paper. Don't forget to change up the verbiage used so you aren't simply copying your opening statement. Want to Know More About How to Write a Feedback on an Essay Samples? Present all the details that you have to discuss in an organized and informative manner so it's possible to develop an evaluation essay that will tr uly get the job done. Then a review of the helpful links is provided and the corporate info and information concerning the website. Becoming in a position to present details, comments, and information that's directly associated with the sort of evaluation essay that you're writing can help you make a highly-usable output. If you've completed any quantity of research, you're going to learn a lot more about a topic than you may conceivably include in a five or ten page essay. Choosing Good How to Write a Feedback on an Essay Samples This kind of analysis will play a major part in sale strategy. Below, you'll find useful info on the best way to compose an evaluation essay. Evaluation essays can cover a good deal of topics that is the reason why it is employed in an assortment of industries and processes. Since an evaluation essay isn't only part of college essay examples as it may also be utilized in company and company processes, you've got to understand the weight of its effec tiveness. Though looking through quite a few evaluation essay samples can supply you with the assistance that you require, you might wish to consider asking a professional writer to create a personalized essay for you. In the debut, you must give a good idea of what the subject of your study is. As this sort of essay intends to critique, it is likewise important to keep this issue up to date to make certain the essay you create is pertinent to today. There are various kinds of essays that may be part of a student writing task. The Secret to How to Write a Feedback on an Essay Samples By turning into a customer, you can observe how we've come to be the most preferred academic paper writing company of several students. In cases, where the issue of climbing enrollment perseveres, it's usually crucial to get the info in conditions of inputs and corresponding outputs. When choosing your subject, you're likely to want to concentrate on a particular provider, product, policy, or bu siness. When choosing a topic for an evaluation essay, it is necessary to center on a particular company, service, product or policy. If you'll properly recognize the criteria which will best fit your needs for the particular evaluation, then you're able to make your evaluation essay stronger and more effective. Whatever you opt to write about, you'll need to supply an essential judgement based on a set of criteria so it's crucial to either select a topic you know well or the one which you'll be in a position to research. An evaluation is quite much like a review. There is a vast number of evaluation essay examples that are especially created for certain purposes. You may also just browse through samples and begin your evaluation essay from scratch. Let's examine some of the actions to finish the endeavor. Writing a nice research proposal always appears to be challenging even for professionals. It's really hard to present a huge portion of research into a little paragraph .

Essay on Internal and External Equity Compensation

Internal and External Equity Comparison HRM/324 02/11/2013 Internal and External Equity Comparison Compensation packages are one of the most valuable pieces of the puzzle when an organization creates a program designed to attract and retain suitable employees. A well designed compensation package can ensure that employees are not only attracted to beginning work at an organization, but are also willing to stay within a corporation over time. A higher retention rate for employees can increase productivity and reduce costs for an organization over time. Two of the factors that affect a company’s compensation plan are internal and external equity. In this paper, internal and external equity is explored, including the advantages†¦show more content†¦The advantages of internal equity can be seen in Intel. When employees are aware of what their fellow employees are paid at their particular â€Å"level† within the company, a check and balance system based on internal equity can help to keep internal dissatisfaction in check, especially between high ranking exe cutives’. However, this does have some disadvantages, as it can risk losing employees to competition, and may thus be harmful in the future. (Armstrong, 2007). Another disadvantage is that it may discourage employee motivation, who knows that they will be paid according to the internal equity policy, rather than merit or individual performance (Mathis amp; Jackson, 2008). While here are potential risks, overall the plan has been beneficial to Intel, which remains lucrative in the competitive technology industry. External equity is found in organizations in which an employee in an organization’s pay is equal to prevailing rates in that organizations industry or sector. (Lederer amp; Weinberg, 1995). Both PepsiCo and Coca Cola utilize external equity compensation analysis. The process of developing a pay scale based on external equity requires a detailed and updated study on market wages and compensation. In addition to wages, other aspects to compensation, such as employee stock options must also be considered. (Singer amp; Francisco, 2009). This has given both companies the advantage of being able to retain highly qualified employees over time, as a payShow MoreRelatedExternal And Of An Effective Compensation Program1408 Words   |  6 PagesExternal and Internal Equities in an Effective Compensation Program Wanda I. Ramos Trident University MGT 511: Title of Course Professor’s Name November 2, 2014 Abstract Pay structures, regardless of the size of the organization, must have two things going for them, which are external and internal equities. 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The Horrific Effects Of Slavery On African Americans

Many are aware of the gruesome effects of slavery. But how many take into consideration the minute, yet very significant, basic privileges that were revoked from the innocent, enslaved African Americans? A majority of slaves were prohibited from knowing birth dates, family heritage, common arithmetic, and much more. A fear so great that the agglomeration of African Americans would rise up, forced government officials to set certain codes (rules) that ultimately preempted rebellion and escape. These rules, known as black codes, were implemented to limit freedoms of African Americans. Black codes were known as â€Å"slavery without chains†. There was no partiality to who the laws and codes applied to. This form of slavery, without chains, represented the One-Drop Rule perfectly: â€Å"This social and legal principle asserted any person with even one ancestor of sub-Saharan-African ancestry was considered black† (â€Å"One Drop Rule†). In other terms, the codes were not set for criminals; the codes were set for anyone who was colored. Laws such as the black codes, Jim Crow laws, and Pig laws were employed after the 13th Amendment: reversing the progress of abolition. Slavery was abolished, but racism was expanding exponentially. Not only did this restrict former slaves from developing into a unified nation, but it annulled basic privileges far after abolition was ratified. In the feeble human mind, it is easy to possess the mindset â€Å"out of sight, out of mind†. Many did not want to make theShow MoreRelatedHow White Americans Are Still Reaping Benefits Today833 Words   |  4 Pages This country is known for two horrific acts against mankind, the inhumane treatment of the American Indians and the enslavement of African-Americans. Both groups are still affected today and this essay will look at how White Americans are still reaping benefits today. 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Dental Records and Income Monitoring System Free Essays

Companies suffer from file-based management system in handling information. Secretaries or person-in-charge who manipulates records manually aren’t assured that each record is properly monitored, due to work loads. It was May 21, 2001, when Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Dental Records and Income Monitoring System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Torres an associate dentist opens his own dental clinic with Mrs. Miranda as his personal assistant. As the process of the clinic goes, from ‘walk-in’ patients they also have appointments. Today, they are now accepting (H. M. O-patient with company accreditation). Complexity of records turns out as the problem of their clinic, as well as keeping records properly and secure. The existing system deals with problems that needed to be carried out from the management such as the difficulty in accessing data, problems in updating records, data redundancy and the integrity problem with regards on the stored data and its security. Statement of the Problem Proper record managing is a big work upon having a file-based system. First thing to consider is the data accuracy which is the main goal of managing records then the security, but as it goes problems arises such as: 1. What is the status of the current system in terms of: 2. 1. Data collection and retrieval? 2. 2. Accessing of specific record? 2. 3. Updating of patient’s information? 2. 4. The security of their patient’s files? 2. 5. Income monitoring? System Design Paradigm Input Process Output Dental Records And Income Monitoring System System Analysis and Design Life Cycle -Patient Information -Reports -Billing Statement -Acquired Services Figure1. System Design Paradigm This illustration shows the basic procedure undertaken in this study. System Analysis and Design Life Cycle has an important role in the development of the new system to track records of patients. The Dental Record and Income Monitoring System will be developed for the monitoring and managing records of patient’s information and the clinic’s income. Patient’s profile, reports, billing statement and acquired services will be gathered, reviewed, and analyzed through Systems Analysis and Design process. This procedure will result to the development of the Dental Record and Income Monitoring System. Objectives of the Study Dental Records and Income Monitoring System is proposed to lessen some concern with regards in managing the patient’s records, as well as the income of Dr. Torres Dental Care Center. 1. The said system will be developed having objectives as follows: 1. 1. To provide an accurate data collection and retrieval. 1. 2. To provide an easy access to the records. 1. 3. To provide a more secured patient’s files system. 1. 4. To provide the user an easily updated patient’s information. 1. 3. To generate their income. Significance of the Study Dental clinics and even other business institutions keep their record as their basis in doing actions and decisions to offer better services. On the other hand, they are also profitable organizations. So the group comes to the idea of Dental Records and Income Monitoring System proposed to D. Torres Dental Care Center. With the study, researchers expect that it will benefit the following: Dentist – The said system will provide the dentist reports that monitor the income of the clinic. Secretary – The proposed ystem will minimize the workload of the secretary upon managing patient’s record as well as the billing transactions. Patients – With the system, patients will be easily accommodated and served for easy schedule and billing transactions. Clinic – The benefit of the clinic is that it can now provide fast and easy process for patient, doctor and the secretary. Other researchers – This will benefit them in their fu ture research with regards in this kind of system. Scope and Delimitation Technology has always been a major means of creating new physical and human environment. In this case data managing is the prior concern. How data or information will be handled properly and secured. In the proposed system, the patient’s records are computerized and being stored in the database for easy access and accurate retrieval of data which is the main priority of this study. This includes the medical history of the patient, the treatment that should be done and their schedule. There is also an income and service fee computations. Managing of appointments is also included. There is a secure log-in for the dentist and the secretary. On the other hand, the process of automatic scheduling for patients is not included. Printing of receipt will not also be covered. The diagnosis of the particular treatment that will be given to the patient and the prescription of medicine for each treatment are also not included. Assumptions On the implementation of Dental Records and Income Monitoring System, the D. Torres Dental Care Center can now offer faster and easier services. Regarding of patient’s charges and transactions, payment is easily computed and manipulated, as well as the clinic’s income. Design Methodology To come up with the design, the proponent has chosen the Iteration Approach as the Software Development Methodology. Figure 2. Iteration Approach The figure shows the System Development Life Cycle that provides a phase approach to analyze, design, and implement a system that could solve the encountered problem by the company. 1. Identifying problems, opportunities and objectives. In this phase the group determines whether the problem exist and has a solution. The group has created a project plan, which will help or serve as a guide in solving the problem. The researchers also conducted a feasibility study that will determine whether a system is needed. 2. Determining information needed. In this phase, the group analyzes and understands what information the D. Torres Dental Care Center needs in their system. 3. Analyzing system needed. In this stage the researchers prepared the system proposal that summarizes the details that been found, provide cost-benefit analysis of alternatives and make recommendations of what should be done. 4. Designing the recommended system. In this stage the group will work on designing the output that will meet the information needs. After recommendation and approval, the group will eventually design a database system. 5. Developing and documenting software. The group will provide the original software that is needed. Documentation lets the user know how to use the software and manages the problem occurs. 6. Testing and maintaining the system. Information is not applicable to use unless it is undergoing several test. In this stage, the group will conduct a series of tests to pinpoint the problems. System maintenance includes modification of the system use to changes within the inventory process. . Implementation and evaluating the system. In this stage, the group needs to verify and test the information gathered, train the user to handle the system and install the system. Definition of Terms The D. Torres Dental Care Center has these following terms that they used on their center. Here are the following terms: Braces – an orthodontic appliance consisting or brackets cemented to the surface of each toothand wires of stainless steel or nickel titanium alloy. Braces are used to treat malocclusionby changing the position of the teeth. Dentist – the one who needed and reads the patients information that is given by the secretary. H. M. O. – Health Maintenance Organization, an organization that provides medical and dental Oral Prophylaxis – cleaning or polishing of the teeth. Pasta or Restoration – the action or process of restoring. Patient –  is the recipient of the information. Retainer Fee – a retainer fee is a fixed amount of money that a client agrees to pay, in advance, to secure the services of a consultant or freelancer. Retainer – an appliance or device that keeps the tooth or partial denture in proper position. Root Canal – That aspect of endodontic dealing with the treatment of diseases of the dental pulp, consisting of partial (pulpotomy) or complete (pulpectomy) extirpation of the diseased pulp, cleaning and sterilization of the empty root canal, enlarging and shaping of the canal to receive sealing material, and obturation of the canal with a nonirritating hermetic sealing agent. It is also called pulp canal therapy. Secretary – the one, who gathers the information of the patient, gives it to the dentist and also computes the income of the clinic. Surgery – is an ancient  medical specialty  that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a  patient  to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as  disease  or  injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance. Teeth Whitening – the process of using bleach or other materials to make teeth look whiter. The materials remove stains or other discoloration from the tooth surface. Tooth Extraction –  (also referred to as  exodontia) is the removal of a  tooth  from the  mouth. Tooth Impacted – is a tooth that gets blocked as it is pushing through the gum onto your mouth (erupting). How to cite Dental Records and Income Monitoring System, Papers

Steve Jobs vs Tim Cook free essay sample

Steve Jobs versus Tim Cook: Has the Apple © fallen from the tree? Thesis: Apple has achieved more success under the leadership of Steve Jobs than under the leadership of current chief executive officer (CEO) Tim Cook due to differences of management style, research and development and Apple’s profitability as a result of these differences in management. I. Apple has had great success under the leadership of Steve Jobs and Tim Cook. a. Steve Jobs was CEO twice, 1976 1989 and later from 1997 2011 b. Tim Cook was COO during Job’s second reign and has acted as CEO after Jobs. II. Steve Jobs acted as an innovative micro-manager, which lead Apple to create a new market for different devices. a. He invented the iPod, a user friendly mp3 device, and iTunes, a web service to buy music, which brought Apple large profits and continues to do so today. b. He invented the iPhone, a user friendly smart phone, which launched the smart phone market we know today. Until the emergences of other companies in the smart phone industry Apple monopolized the smart phone market. c. He invented the iPad, a user friendly mobile entertainment device, which launched the tablet market we know today. Apple monopolized the tablet market until recently. d. Each of these new innovations brought record profits to Apple, which diminished as new competitors entered the market. e. This is due to Job’s laser focus for innovation and risk taking. III. Tim Cook’s Laissez-faire style of management maintained Apple’s place as one of the best technology companies in the current market. a. Tim Cook focuses on optimization rather than innovation. As such he brought updated changes to iPhone, iPod and iPad. b. Changes were necessary to compete in the saturated smart phone, tablet, and mp3 player market. c. Many senior managers left Apple due to Cook’s focus on profit which is a shift from Jobs’ focus on innovation. d. Profits are not as high as they were under Jobs due to the saturated markets that Apple competes in. IV. Conclusion Apple has achieved more success under the leadership of Steve Jobs than under the leadership of current chief executive officer (CEO) Tim Cook due to differences of management style, research and development and Apple’s profitability as a result of these differences in management. Apple has had great success under the leadership of Steve Jobs and Tim Cook. Under the leadership of Jobs as the CEO of Apple from 1976, and until he was forced out in 1985, (by then CEO John Sculley, the man he had brought in to run Apple while he specialized in developing products) he created some of the most innovated products such as the Apple I, II , IIe, III, Apple Lisa, Apple Macintosh , Laser Writer, iMac, Final Cut Pro, Power Mac G4, Power Book G4. (rose) After his ousting from the company that he founded, Jobs went on to start NeXT/Pixar; where he began his work on the OSX operating system. (Allen) Apple, when on to create several versions of their Mac system, but by 1992 , sales of Macint osh computers suffered due to the mass availability of inexpensive PC clones, and for the first time in its history, Apple resorted to marketing clones during the late 1980’s until Jobs returned to the company in 1997. (Powell) Once Jobs returned to Apple, he began steering the company towards his original back to basic approach to technology. In 1998, during Steve Jobs second reign as CEO of Apple, he hired Tim Cook of Compaq to work on overhauling Apples manufacturing and supply chains, which had become stagnant for more than a decade under different leadership. He closed factories and warehouses, replacing them with contract manufacturers, causing the companys inventory to fall from months to days. In order to revive the company, Cook created a system that would be the envy of gadget-makers around the world company by outsourcing almost all of Apples manufacturing overseas. By doing this, Apple could predict demand and delivering products on time, which is crucial in the technology industry where new products could cannibalize existing offerings. (O’Brien) In 2004 for several months served as CEO of Apple, while Jobs battled with health issues, and in 2007 Jobs promoted Cook to COO and in 2011, Jobs pushed for Cook to become his successor. (O’Brien) Steve Jobs acted as an innovative micro-manager, which lead Apple to create a new market for different devices. His devotion, drive, technological skills, attention to detail, and the hiring of capable people to work with helped him invented the iPod, a user friendly mp3 device, and iTunes, a web service to buy music, which brought Apple large profits and continues to do so today. The iPod changed the way we consume music and reshaped the music industry and iTunes helped consumers download, and organize digital audio and video on personal computers. (Rose) In 2007, Jobs invented the iPhone, a u ser friendly smart phone, which launched the smart phone market as we know it today. Until the emergences of other companies in the smart phone industry Apple monopolized the smart phone market. Although, other competitors are producing smart phones, Apple still continues to be successful when it comes to sales. For instance, Apple’s new iPhone 5S models sold more than 9 million units in their first weekend, and the company has earned praise for overhauling its iOS mobile operating system. (Gross) The 2010 iPad, a user friendly mobile entertainment device, which launched the tablet market we know today. Apple monopolized the tablet market until recently, as companies such as Samsung, and Kindle came popular. Each of these new innovations has brought record profits to Apple, which diminished as new competitors entered the market. However, with the new release of the iPad Air and the new iPad mini, Apple beat all other tablets in new activations following the four-day shopping spree from Black Friday to Cyber Monday. (Whitney) According to Localytics, activations of the new iPad increased by 51 percent this past weekend compared with those from the prior weekend. That volume put the new Air on the top of the tablet sales, followed by the new iPad Mini in second place with 26 percent more activations than those during the prior weekend. (Whitney) This is due to Job’s laser focus for innovation and risk made Apple so successful. Apple was so innovated because Jobs was not afraid of taking risks. He never market tested his products, just simply relied on his judgment and perfectionism. (Allen) He set aggressive and sometimes unrealistic targets and motivated his employees sometimes by being criticism to deliver with excellence. (Kosner) Tim Cook’s Laissez-faire style of management maintained Apple’s place as one of the best technology companies in the current market. Take over as CEO for Apple has not been easy, especially since he has a completely different management style that Jobs. Since, Cook took over in 2011, the company’s environment is more calm and relaxed. Unlike Jobs, he delegates orders to his employees, and is known to sit quietly, and rock with his hands folded in front of him, while listening in meetings. Employees become concerned only if the pace of his rocking changes. (Kaiser) Cook, in other areas has stepped up in ways that Jobs would not have. For instance, he is fixing big problem within Apple such as the iPod-related public relations problem, involving a sweatshop working conditions in China, and Apple now tracks and reports hours of a million workers to avoid illegal overtime in their factories. (Musgrove) he has fixed the Apple maps disaster problem by firing of mobile software chief, Scott Forstall, and had Eddy Cue of the company’s internet services step in to fix the problem. (Gupta and Henderson) Tim Cook focuses on optimization rather than innovation. As such he brought updated changes to iPhone, iPod and iPad. He has a released the new iPhone 5, 5c and 5s series and made upgrades to the iOS operating system, iPod line and the new iPad Mini at a size that Jobs once dismissed as too small. (Kaiser) Changes were necessary to compete in the saturated smart phone, tablet, and mp3 player market and success of the new iPhone 5 series, iPad mini with the high resolution Retina display has boosted sales that had caused Apple stock to fall earlier in the year. But Cook and Apple will need to produce completely new products if Apple is going to continue their innovation and sales. (Gupta and Henderson) Many senior managers, and in particularly hardware engineers have left Apple due to Cook’s focus on profit which is a shift from Jobs’ focus on innovation, but overall the company’s number of employees has grown exponentially. (Appleinsider) Profits are not as high as they were under Jobs due to the saturated markets that Apple competes in and also due to the fact that Apple did not launch and major updates in the first six months of 2013. This however was considered a dry spell for Apple, a company that had seen tremendous growth in the past ten years. (Kaiser) In conclusion, Tim Cook is not Steve Jobs, he is determined to put his own stamp at Apple rather than being content living under the shadow of Steve Jobs. Cook has dealt with many issues at Apple professionally and has apologized to the public about mistakes that Apple has made such as the working conditions in China and the Google Maps disaster. He has offered fixes to employee morale, and a better working environment, where employees aren’t afraid on making a mistake. It has only been two years, since Cook took over as CEO, and Apple has continued to produce new products concluding that the Apple hasn’t fallen from the tree.